Atomic Force Microscopy:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) offers powerful capabilities for imaging and characterizing materials at the nanoscale. It enables high-resolution mapping of surface morphology, revealing structural changes with sub-nanometer precision. AFM can also probe local electrical and electromechanical properties, including conductivity (c-AFM), polarization (PFM), and surface potential (KPFM). Ion intercalation and related electrochemical and -mechanical processes can be studied at the nanoscale using techniques such as Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM) and modulated Electrochemical Force Microscopy (mEC-AFM). With its ability to combine topographical, electrical, and functional imaging, AFM is a uniquely versatile tool for exploring a wide range of nanoscale phenomena.
Li-Ion batteries:
Lithium-ion batteries are essential to modern technology, from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Their performance relies on ion intercalation—the reversible insertion of lithium ions into electrode materials during charge and discharge. This process directly impacts capacity, efficiency, and cycle life. Understanding intercalation at the nanoscale is key to advancing battery technology and developing faster, longer-lasting, and more reliable energy storage systems.
