79591 - Fundamentals and Applications Of Process Engineering T

Academic Year 2017/2018

  • Docente: Serena Bandini
  • Credits: 6
  • SSD: ING-IND/24
  • Language: Italian
  • Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
  • Campus: Bologna
  • Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Energy Engineering (cod. 0924)

Learning outcomes

The course is an introduction to basic mass and heat balances for process industry operations. Applications will be focussed on the processes involving modifications of physical-chemical properties of the system; typically on energy production, materials, waste treatment.

Course contents

Requirements

A prior knowledge and understanding of basic general Chemistry and Thermodynamics is required to attend with profit this course.

Fluent spoken and written Italian is a necessary pre-requisite: all lectures and tutorials, and main part of  study material will be in Italian

Contents

  1. The chemical plant: flowcharts. Process classification: batch, continuous, semi-batch; steady-state and transient operational modes.
  2. The state of material and energy streams. Process variables: composition variables, flow rate variables, relationships, units. Extensive and intensive properties, partial molar properties. The ideal mixture: application of Euler theorem.

  3. The integral balance equation of an extensive property: accumulation, generation, input and output.

  4. Mass balances for a single unit, for reactive and non-reactive systems, in steady-state and transient conditions, in batch processes. The reaction coordinate. Limiting and excess reactants, fractional conversion, extent of reaction, selectivity and yield. Basis of calculation and process scale-up variables. Degree of freedom analysis. Calculations for typical process and energy industry unit operations.

  5. The integral balance equation of energy: synthesis. Simplifications for the solution of typical process engineering problems.

  6. Energy balances on a single unit, for reactive and non-reactive systems. Enthalpy calculation for pure substances: thermodynamic tables and diagrams, ideal gas heat capacity, latent heats. Selection of the most useful reference state for calculation.

    Basics of Thermochemistry: standard state, heats of reaction, standard heats of reaction, standard heats of formation, standard heats of combustion. Literature data.

    Heat balances for multi-components systems in the case of ideal mixtures and of ideal gas mixtures. Calculation of heat power in chemical reactors. Energy balances on turbines and compressors; calculation of outlet conditions; efficiency.

  7. Fuels: general features. Classification of solid, liquid and gas fuels. Characteristics of oil. Renewable fuels. Fuels from waste. Biogas. Biodiesel.

    Combustion chemistry: excess air, composition of flue gas on wet and dry basis. Heating value and adiabatic flame temperature. Calculations.

  8. Simultaneous mass and energy balances on multiple-units processes in steady-state conditions. Main streams of the process: fresh and combined feed, purge, recycle. Single-pass and overall conversion. Main units; mixers and splitters. Degree of freedom analysis. Calculations for typical processes: fuel pretreatments, steam production for power plants, energy recovery from flue gas, power cycles, refrigeration cycles, gas liquefaction.

  9. Gas-liquid systems: the case of one-condensable component; dew point and dew pressure, relative and absolute humidity. Raoult’s law and calculation of dew conditions. Solutions of refrigeration and de-humidification problems.

Readings/Bibliography

References

  • R.M.Felder, R.W.Rousseau, Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, J.Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd ed., 2000.

  • F.P.Foraboschi, Principi di Ingegneria Chimica, UTET, Torino ( cap.I)

  • O.A. Hougen, K.M. Watson, R.A.Ragatz, Principi dei processi chimici, vol.1, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 1967.

  • Teacher’s notes uploaded in AMS Campus.

Teaching methods

In-class lessons and tutorial.

Assessment methods

 

Examination is composed of 1 written section. Numerical solution of heat and mass balances is required; calculation of thermodynamic properties of pure substances as well as of liquid/vapour mixtures is required also.

Reference data, books, and other notes are not allowed, neither personal computer, nor mobile phones, etc..

Maximum score: 34/30; minimum score for a passing grade: 18/30.

Opportunities

A positive score can be repeated (only one call).

Office hours

See the website of Serena Bandini