05105 - Kinesiology (BO)

Learning outcomes

To learn the principles generates from the kinesinesiology related to the base capacity of gesticulation of the movement. To acquire the abilities to estimate the amplitude and the quality of the excursion in the main articular fulcrums, the force and the muscular length to elaborate a re-education functional program.

Course contents

KINESIOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND TRUNK
OVERALL VIEW
Normal curvatures of the spine. Typical vertebrae. Functional divisions of the spine. The elements of intervertebral connection. The intervertebral disc. Comparison of vertebrae at different regions. The flexion-extension, the lateral flexion to the right or left, the axial rotation to the right or left as a whole.

LUMBAR REGION

The lumbar spine as a whole. The lumbar vertebrae. The system of ligaments at the lumbar region. The flexion-extension, the lateral flexion to the right or left, the axial rotation to the right or left. The muscles of the trunk. The muscles of the abdominal wall. Static lumbar spine in an upright position. The flexion-extension of the lumbar spine.

THORACIC REGION AND THE MUSCLES OF THE BREATHING
Thoracic typical vertebrae. The flexion-extension, the lateral flexion to the right or left, the axial rotation to the right or left . The cost-vertebral joints. The deformation of the thorax during ventilation. The muscles for breathing. Value of synergy-antagonism between the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.

THE CERVICAL REGION

The cervical spine as a whole. The upper cervical spine, the lower cervical spine. Atlas vertebrae (C1), Axis vertebrae(C2). Atlanto-occipital joint, Atlanto-axial joint, intracervical region (C2-C7). The ligaments and movements of the cervical spine. Form of a cervical vertebrae. Fine tuning motions of the head and neck. Anterior craniocervical muscles posterior craniocervical muscles.

Anterior-lateral muscles of the trunk. Posterior muscles of the trunk.

KINESIOLOGY OF UPPER LIMB

THE SHOULDER
Joints of the shoulder complex. Physiology of the shoulder. Movement of flexion-extension , adduction, abduction, axial rotation of the arm and horizontal rotation.The movement of circumduction. Glenohumeral joint. The ligaments of the Glenohumeral joint. The coerciveness of the articulation by periarticular muscles and muscles of the arm. Scapulothoracic joint –and the position of the scapula in relation to the chest. The movements of the scapular cingulum. Sternoclavicular joint. Movements of the clavicle in the horizontal plane and in the frontal plane. Acromionclavicular joints and ligaments Coracoclavicular. Scapulohumeral rhythm. Muscles of the shoulder.

THE ELBOW
Structure and function of the elbow and forearm complex. The Homeroulnar and homeradial Joints. The ligaments of the elbow. The limitations of the flexion-extension. The muscles of flexion. The muscles of the extension. The range of the elbow joints. The pronation and supination. The muscles of pronation and supination. Proximal radioulnar and distal radioulnar
THE WRIST AND HAND

The structure and function of the wrist and the hand. The radio-carpal joint. The adduction and abduction, the flexion-extension. The muscles of the wrist. Metacarpo-phalangeal Joints. The interphalangeal joints. The tendons of flexor muscle and long extensors of the fingers. Palmar Interossei, Dorsal Interossei and lumbricals. The extension of the fingers. The muscles of Hypothenar Eminence. The trapezium-metacarpal joint and Metacarpo-phalangeal of the thumb. The muscles of the thumb. The opposition of the thumb. The prehension.

KINESIOLOGY OF THE LOWER LIMBS
THE HIP AND PELVIC REGION
The structure and function of the hip. The capsule and ligaments. Supporting structure located within the hip joint and Supporting structure located outside the hip joint. Flexor, extensor, abduttor, adductor and rotator muscles. The sacro-iliac joint. The ligaments of the articulation sacro-iliac. The nutation and counternutazion.
THE KNEE
The structure and function of the knee. Capsule and ligaments. The menischi. The movements of the patella on the femur and tibia. The collateral ligaments. The antero-posterior stability. The cruciate ligaments. The stability of the knee in rotation. The extensor, flexor and rotator muscles.

THE ANKLE
The structure and function of the ankle. The ligaments of the tibio-femoral joint. The antero-posterior stability and crossbar. The proximal tibiofibular joints.
THE FOOT
The structure and function of the foot. Prossimal joints of ankle and foot:The talocrural, subtalar joint, trasverse tarsal joints. Dosiflexion and plantar flexion, inversion and eversion abduction and adduction. Distal joints of ankle and foot tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, interphalangeal joints. The flexion and extension, abduction and adduction of the toes. The muscles of ankle and foot. The medial longitudinal Arch, the lateral longitudinal Arch and the trasverse Arch.

Readings/Bibliography

A.I. Kapandji, Anatomia Funzionale, Maloine-Monduzzi Editore

Teaching methods

Lectures
Work in small groups

Assessment methods

Oral test

The understanding of anatomical principles and biomechanical mechanisms that determine human movement will be verified.

Teaching tools

PC and Projector, Anatomical models

Office hours

See the website of Giovanni Villani