39152 - Apllied Kinesiology

Academic Year 2019/2020

  • Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
  • Campus: Bologna
  • Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Physiotherapy (cod. 8476)

Learning outcomes

The student has to be able to calculate the value of the opposite muscular force to the action of the gravity, relatively to the movements and the main articulations.  He has moreover to be able to construct the carrier that describes the force of the muscular contraction and to define the moment of the Resistance and the moment of the Power.  On the base of the concepts learned in the Anatomy course, the student has to be able to evaluate the stability or instability degree of a articulation and the entity of the muscular contraction needed to contrast the gravitational action and to realize an action of concentric type.

The student has to be able to learn the evaluation methodology of the articular width in the main articulations of the limbs, the vertebral motility indexes, the cirtometrical and perimetrical measurements of the log and the limbs and the measurement modalities of the length of some anatomical districts.

The student has to be able to learn the evaluation methodology of the main muscular groups strength as regard articulations, posture and movements needed to the execution of the usual gestures during daily activities (ADL).

Course contents

GENERAL CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS

a) Sagittal plane

b) Frontal plane

c) Horizontal plane

GENERAL RULES AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

Second Principle of Dynamics

Unit of Measurement of Strength

Acceleration due to Gravity

Basic trigonometric formulas applied to the right-angled triangle

THE LEVER

General elements

The First-class Lever

The Second-class Lever

The Third-class Lever

ANTHROPOMETRIC TABLES

Linear Somatic Dimensions: Height

Ponderal Dimensions: Weight

Distances between the Barycentre and the main articular centres

PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING RESISTANCE

Evaluation of the Resistance Modulus

Evaluation of the Resistance Arm

Evaluation of the angle between the two previous segments

EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE MOMENT

Values specification

Anthropometric Tables referral

Trigonometric rules referral

The Moment of the Resistance and its Unit Measure

BUILDING THE VECTOR ON THE BASIS OF THE MUSCLE ANATOMY

Choosing the Application Point

Choosing the Direction

Choosing the Sense

Choosing the Modulus

VECTOR ANALYSIS

Building the Power Vector

Building the Power Arm

Specifying the angle between the two previous segments

Building the biomechanical rectangle

THE POWER MOMENT

During Isometric contraction

During Concentric contraction

During Eccentric contraction

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE RESISTANCE MOMENT AND THE POWER MOMENT

Conditions for the absence of Movement

Conditions for concentric antigravitational Movement

Conditions for eccentric Movement

ARTICULAR REACTION FORCES

Conditions for the stability of a Joint

Conditions for the instability of a Joint

MOTOR FORCES

Conditions for the absence of Movement

Conditions for concentric antigravitational Movement

Conditions for eccentric Movement

ARTICULAR EVALUATION

MUSCULAR EVALUATION

Readings/Bibliography

S. Casati: "Biomeccanica Clinica in Fisioterapia", Editore Minerva Medica,2006

M. Marchetti, P. Pillastrini: "Neurofisiologia del Movimento", Casa Editrice Piccin, Padova, 1998 - cap.3 e cap. 28.

S. Ferrari, P. Pillastrini, C. Vanti: "Riabilitazione Integrata delle Lombalgie", Casa Editrice Masson, Milano, 2002 - cap. 2

Clarkson, Hazel M.: “Valutazione Cinesiologica”, EDI-ERMES, MILANO, 2002

H.O. Kendall, F.P. Kendall, G.E. Wadsworth: "I Muscoli - Esame e studio funzionale" - Piccin Editore – Padova, 1985

Teaching methods

Theoretical lessons accompanied by practical demonstrations guided by the teacher

Assessment methods

The student must analyze the action of gravitational and muscular forces of a given posture, calculating the moment of resistance and power and determining, also with reference to the specific anthropometric data, the vector form of an agonist muscle for maintaining the indicated posture in delivery. This is followed by a discussion with questions, theoretical and applicative insights on the dynamics of movement and the evolution of the biomechanical conditions in which the movement takes place.

Students at the end of the lessons will also be assessed through a theoretical and practical test, in which they will be asked to describe some of the anatomical structures of a joint district, indicated by the teacher. The teacher will evaluate:

1) Knowledge of the anatomo-kinesiological data of the requested district

2) Ability to carry out the required joint tests

3) Ability to perform the required muscle tests

Teaching tools

Video projector and PC.

Equipped workshops for practical activities guided by the teacher

Office hours

See the website of Paolo Pillastrini