00714 - Microbiology (AK-B)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will know:

• žgeneral characteristic of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and parasites
• žroutes of transmission
• žthe establishment of pathogenic host-parasite interaction
• žincubation period
• žthe role of immunity during the course of infection
• žthe meaning of production of infection and production of disease
• žthe diagnosis of infection (direct and indirect). Collection of specimens, request for testing, tests employed, interpretation of tests
• žbasic concept of prophylaxis and therapy
• žprinciple of treatment. Antimicrobial drugs and mechanism of resistance
• žmost relevant bacteria (focusing on their characteristic, mechanism of action, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, available vaccine)
• žmost relevant viruses (focusing on their characteristic, mechanism of action, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, available vaccine)
• žmost relevant protozoa, fungi and parasites (focusing on their characteristic, mechanism of action, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, available vaccine).

Course contents

Teachers: prof.ssa Tiziana Lazzarotto and dr. Claudio Foschi

Medical microbiology. Manifestations of infection. Microbial causes of infection. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa and human infection. How microorganism cause diseases.

Immune response during the course of infection. Principles of direct and indirect diagnosis. Vaccines and gammaglobulins.

Bacteria. Structure, metabolism and reproduction. Spores and their meaning, bacterial genetics, mechanism of action antimicrobial drugs, mechanism of bacterial resistance. Diagnosis of bacterial infections.

Staphilococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Lysteria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, Enterobacteriaceae, Helicobacter, Campylobacter, Clostridia (Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile), Spirochete, Chlamydia  Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Bordetella

Protozoa. General characteristics of protozoa. Pathogenesis mechanisms. Drugs.

Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania, Amoebae, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii.

Fungi. General characteristics of fungi. The most important fungal infections for humans. Yeast (Candida albicans e Candida spp), Pneumocystis jirovecii, Cryptococcus neoformans. Mould (Aspergillus spp).

Viruses. Classification, structure and replication cycle (DNA and RNA viruses). Pathogenesis mechanisms. Diagnosis of viral infections. Antiviral drugs and Interferon.

Orthomyxovirus, Paramyxovirus, Enterovirus (Poliovirus, Coxsackievirus), Rubivirus, Parvovirus B19, Papillomavirus,

HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, Ebola Virus, Flavivirus, Arbovirus, Herpesvirus, Retrovirus.

Readings/Bibliography

Suggested text-book: Michele La Placa. Principi di Microbiologia Medica, Edises, XIV Ed.

Teaching methods

In-class lectures will be supported by video projector and PC.

Assessment methods

The examination will evaluate whether the students have mastered the above listed skills and have reached the teaching objectives. The final oral examination will focus on specific questions about bacteriology, virology, mycology and parassitology (the mechanisms of pathogenesis, routes of transmission, microbiological diagnosis, therapy and vaccines).

Teaching tools

In-class lectures will be supported by slides. Most of slides will be available online at the end of the course (AMS Campus, http//campus.unibo.it).

Office hours

See the website of Claudio Foschi