- Docente: Sonia Lucarelli
- Credits: 8
- SSD: SPS/04
- Language: English
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Forli
- Corso: Second cycle degree programme (LM) in International relations and diplomatic affairs (cod. 8783)
Learning outcomes
Students are expected to learn the evolution of security dynamics in the pan-European space. In particular, they will be expected (i) to develop an understanding of some key turning points in Soviet/Russian-American-European relations (early Cold War, Détente, post-Cold War) and of how they shaped and influenced security in Europe during the Cold War and after; (ii) to learn about the evolution of the main international organizations active in European security both during and after the Cold War; and (iii) to learn about the evolution of the concept of security particularly since the end of the Cold War.
Course contents
· Introduction to the course
· The World War, Containment and the Making of Eastern Europe
· Central and Eastern Europe in the 1950s
· The 1960s
· Détente, Helsinki and the fake geopolitical stabilization of the 1970s
· The end of the Cold War
· The United States and the Beginning of the Post-Cold War Transition
· Europe and the breakup of Yugoslavia
· Defining Security: the academic debate
· Key concepts: Uncertainty, War, Terrorism and Ethnic Conflict
· NATO 1: history and functioning
· NATO 2: Partnerships, operations and relations with Russia
· The European Union 1: EU's structural foreign policy
· The European Union 2: The European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy
· The European Union 3: Non-CSDP Security-building policies of the EU
· Other Organizations: The OSCE and The Shanghai Cooperation Organization
· Guest speakers
· Topics: Threat assessment in Europe
· Conclusions: European Security at a Crossroads
Readings/Bibliography
1) March 3 – Introduction to the course
Part One –Historical Rooths
2) March 4 - The World War, Containment and the Making of Eastern Europe
Seminar
Reading:
1) Norman Naimark, “The Sovietization of Eastern Europe, 1944–1953”, in M. Leffler & A. Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 2010- Volume I [Ruffilli Library desk and course material]
2) Melvyn P. Leffler “The emergence of an American grand strategy, 1945–1952”, in M. Leffler & A. Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 2010- Volume I [Ruffilli Library desk and course material]
3) March 10 - Central and Eastern Europe in the 1950s
Seminar
Reading:
1) Csaba Békés “East central Europe, 1953–1956” in M. Leffler & A. Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 2010- Volume I [Ruffilli Library desk and course material]
2) Laszlo Borhi, Rollback, Liberation, Containment, or Inaction?: U.S. Policy and Eastern Europe in the 1950s, ”Journal of Cold War Studies”, 3, Fall 1999, pp. 67-110 [Ruffilli Desk and course material ].
4) March 11 - The 1960s
Seminar
Reading:
Chapters 6 (by Costigliola) and 7 (by Savranskaya and Taubman)
of the Cambridge History of the Cold War volume 2 (see reading
material)
5) March 17 - Détente, Helsinki and the fake geopolitical stabilization of the 1970s
Seminar
Reading:
1) Helsinki Final Act - Available on line (http://www.hri.org/docs/Helsinki75.html)
2) Daniel C. Thomas, Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War, “ Journal of Cold War Studies”, Volume 7, Number 2, Spring 2005, pp. 110-141 [on line at RUFFILLI LIBRARY http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1162/1520397053630600 and course material]
3) Vladislav Zubok, Soviet Foreign Policy from détente to Gorbachev, 1975-1985, in M. Leffler & A. Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Vol.III: 2010 [Ruffilli Desk and course material]
6) March 18 - The end of the Cold War
Seminar
Reading:
1) Jeremi Suri, Explaining the End of the Cold War: a New Historical Consensus?, “Journal of Cold War Studies”, 4, Fall 2002, pp.60-92 on line at [RUFFILLI LIBRARY http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/15203970260209518 and course material]
2) Michael Cox, "Another Transatlantic Split? American and European Narratives and the End of the Cold War," Cold War History, Vol. 7 No 1, February 2007, p. 121-146. [Available at the Library desk and course material]
3) Geir Lundestad, “The European Role at the Beginning and Particularly the End of the Cold War”, in O. NJØLSTAD (ed.), The Last Decade of the Cold War, Londra, Frank Cass, 2004, pp-60-81 [RUFFILLI LIBRARY, Shelfmark: DEWEY 909.828 LASD and course material]
4) Adam Roberts, An 'Incredibly Swift Transition': reflections on the end of the Cold War, in M. Leffler & A. Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Vol.III: 2010 [Ruffilli Desk and course material]
7) March 31 - The United States and the Beginning of the Post-Cold War Transition
Seminar
Reading:
1) Anthony Lake, From Containment to Enlargement, Speech at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, 21 September 1993. [Available on line: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/lakedoc.html]
2) John Gerard Ruggie, Third Try at World Order? America and Multilateralism after the Cold War, “Political Science Quarterly”, 4 Autumn, 1994, pp. 553-570. [ on line at RUFFILLI LIBRARY http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2151838.pdf]
3) John Ikenberry, The restructuring of the international system after the Cold War in M. Leffler & A. Westad (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Vol.III: 2010 [Ruffilli Desk and course material]
8) April 1 – Europe and the breakup of Yugoslavia
Lecture
Reading:
1) Background Reading: S. Lucarelli, Europe and the breakup of Yugoslavia : a political failure in search of a scholarly explanation, 2000, pp. 11-74 [Library Desk]**
2) Debate on national perspectives: T. Halverson “American Perspectives”, A. Edemskii “Russian perspectives”, Ivan Vejvoda “Serbian Perspectives”, all in A. Danchev and T. Halverson (eds) International Perspectives on the Yugoslav Conflict, Macmillan, 1996. [Library Desk]
Part Two: Concepts
9) April 7 - Defining Security: the academic debate [with students' presentations]*
Seminar
Reading:
Paul D. Williams “Security Studies : an Introduction”, Routledge 2013 (2nd ed): chapters: 2 (Realism); 3 (Liberalism); 5 (Constructivism); 7 (Critical Theory) (Ruffilli Library 355.033. NB also the 2008 edition is fine and is available online: http://hamdoucheriad.yolasite.com/resources/security%20studies.pdf).
* NB: 4 students (or groups of students) will have to present what is security according to each of the schools of thought studied (Realism, Liberalism, Costructivism, Critical Theory). Time-span Max 10 min each, with distribution of the slides to the class.
A discussion follows.
10) April 8 – Key concepts: Uncertainty, War, Terrorism and Ethnic Conflict [with students' presentations]*
Seminar
Reading:
Paul D. Williams “Security Studies : an Introduction”, Routledge 2013 (2nd ed): chapters: 10 (Uncertainty); 13 (War); 15 (Terrorism) ; 18 (Ethnic Conflict) (Ruffilli Library 355.033. NB also the 2008 edition is fine and is available online: http://hamdoucheriad.yolasite.com/resources/security%20studies.pdf - choose the chapter relative to the specific topic regardless of the numbers).
* NB: 4 students (or groups of students) will have to introduce the concept to the rest of the class. Time-span Max 10 min each, with distribution of the slides to the class.
A discussion follows.
Part Three - Actors
11) April 14 – NATO 1: history and functioning [with students' presentations]*
Seminar
NB: 3 students present on: historical developments (main steps); enlargements; NATO's institutional structure; Max 10 minutes each. A discussion follows based on the presentations and the following reading:
1) Background information: www.nato.int
2) David Yost, “NATO's evolving Purpose and the next geo-strategic Concept,” International Affairs 86:2 (March 2010), pp.489-522 . Online at RUFFILLI LIBRARY : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00893.x/pdf
12) April 15 – NATO 2: Partnerships, operations and relations with Russia [with students' presentations]*
Seminar
* NB: 3 students present on: NATO's partnerships; NATO-Russia relations; NATO's operations; Max 10 minutes each. A discussion follows based on the presentations and the following reading:
1) Background information: www.nato.int
2) Gülnur Aybet, “The Four Stages of NATO's Partnership Frameworks: Rethinking Regional Partnerships with the Middle East and North Africa”, Paper presented at the conference DYNAMIC CHANGE. Rethinking NATO's Capabilities, Operations and Partnerships , University of Bologna, October 26-27, 2012 [available at: http://www.scienzepolitiche.unibo.it/it/il-convegno-interazionale-sul-futuro-dell2019alleanza-atlantica].
13) April 28 – MID TERM EXAM
14) April 29 - The European Union 1: EU's structural foreign policy
Lecture
Reading:
1) Background reading on the EU: C. Archer, The European Union, Routledge 2008, pp. 19-32 [RUFFILLI LIBRARY, Shelfmark: DEWEY 341.2422 ARCC and course material ]
2) Keukeleire, S. & T. Delreux, The Foreign Policy of the European Union, 2nd edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, Chapters 1 and 2.
15) May 5 – The EU 2: The European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy
Seminar
Reading:
1) Keukeleire, S. & T. Delreux, The Foreign Policy of the European Union, 2nd edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, Chapters 7, 8.
2) Chris Bickerton, Bastien Irondelle, Anand Menon, “Security co-operation beyond the Nation-State: The EU's Common Security and Defence Policy”, JCMS 2011 Volume 49. Number 1. pp. 1–21; [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02126.x/pdf]
16) May 6 – The European Union 3: Non-CSDP Security-building policies of the EU [with students' presentations]*
Seminar
NB: 4 students present on: EU trade policy as a security instrument; enlargement and neighbourhood policy as a security instrument (2 presentations); Development cooperation and humanitarian aid as security instruments. Max 10 minutes each. A discussion follows based on the presentations and the following reading:
Keukeleire, S. & T. Delreux, The Foreign Policy of the European Union, 2nd edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, Chapters 9, 11.
17) May 12 – Other Organizations: The OSCE and The Shanghai Cooperation Organization [with students' presentations]*
NB: 2 students present on: Basic info on the OSCE and its activities; Basic info on the SCO and its activities. Max 10 minutes each. A discussion follows based on the presentations and the following reading:
1) Basic information: http://www.osce.org/ http://www.sectsco.org/EN123/
2) M.Merlingen & R.Ostrauskaite “OSCE: The Somewhat Differt Socializaing Agency”, in Trine Flockhart, Socializing Democratic Norms. Palgrave 2005
3) Further reading will be distributed
Part Four: Challenges Ahead
18) May 13 - Guest speakers
19) May 19 - Topics: Threat assessment in Europe
Transatlantic Trends 2013: http://trends.gmfus.org/
Missiroli A., Strategic foresight and the EU, EUISS Brief, 2/2013 ( http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/strategic-foresight-and-the-eu/ )
Parts of the Report: ‘Global Trends 2030 - Citizens in an Interconnected and Polycentric World”, Edited by Álvaro de Vasconcelos, 27 April 2012 ( http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/espas-report-global-trends-2030-citizens-in-an-interconnected-and-polycentric-world/ )
20) May 20 - Conclusions: European Security at a Crossroads
Seminar
Reading:
1) Ivan Krastev and Mark Leonard, "European security: The spectre of a Multipolar Europe, European Council on Foreign Relations 2010 ( Available at: http://ecfr.eu/page/-/documents/FINAL%20VERSION%20ECFR25_SECURITY_UPDATE_AW_SINGLE.pdf)
2) short FP article: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/04/29/think_again_european_decline
____________________________________________________________
REFERENCE TEXTS
NB: this is not compulsory reading but material for those who feel they need to gain background information on topics addressed in the course
History: Joseph Smith, The cold war : 1945-1991, Oxford : Blackwell 1998. RUFFILLI: 909.82 STORIA MONDIALE, 1900-1999
EU: Christopher Hill and Michael Smith (eds)
International relations and the European Union Oxford university
press, 2011 (2nd ed.). RUFFILLI: 327.094 Relazioni internazionali;
327.4 Europa.
Teaching methods
seminars
Assessment methods
Students will be evaluated on the basis of:
- class participation (33%)
- mid-term written exam (33%)
- final oral exam (33%)
List of themes for student's presentations:
April 1
– Europe and the
breakup of Yugoslavia
The US
Russia
Serbia
April 7 - Defining Security: the academic debate
Security according to Realism
Security according to Liberalism
Security according to Constructivism
Security according to Critical Theory
April 8 - Key concepts: Uncertainty, War, Terrorism and Ethnic Conflict
Uncertainty
War
Terrorism
Ethnic Conflict
April 14 – NATO 1: history and functioning
Nato's historical developments (main steps)
Nato's strategic concepts during the Cold War
Nato's Strategic Concepts after the Cold War
NATO's institutional structure
April 15 – NATO 2: Partnerships, operations and relations with Russia
NATO's partnerships
NATO-Russia relations
NATO's operations
April 29 - The European Union 1: EU's structural foreign policy
The integration process in historical perspective (main steps)
The EU as a special type of power (civilian, normative, soft…) and the concept of “structural foreign policy”
May 5 – The EU 2: The European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy
EU missions
May 6 – The European Union 3: Non-CSDP Security-building policies of the EU
EU trade policy as a security instrument
Enlargement as a security instrument
Neighbourhood policy as a security instrument
Development cooperation and humanitarian aid as security instruments
May 12 – Other Organizations: The OSCE and The Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Introduction to OSCE and its activities;
Introduction to SCO and its activities
May 19 - Topics: Threat assessment in Europe
Alternative threat assessments in Europe (group work)
Office hours
See the website of Sonia Lucarelli