37216 - Anatomy (Part 3)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student is able to describe human macroscopic anatomy and topography of the central and peripheral nervous system and apparatus integumentary, endocrine, digestive and urogenital. Moreover the student is able to make recognition and diagnosis of organs of the microscopic peparations of the various parts of the digestive, urogenital, integumentary, and key structures of both NSC and PNS.

Course contents

DIGESTIVE APPARATUS

Oral cavity and correaltaed formations . Topography, systematic anatomy, blood supply, innervation of the different sections of the digestive tract. Behavior of the peritoneum in relation to the development of organs.

URINARY SYSTEM

Kidney: Renal loggia, internal and external configuration, vascularization, innervation, functional anatomy of the nephron. Course, vessels and nerves of the urinary tract. Organogenesis of the urinary tract.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male gonads. Course of the spermatic tract and glands. External genital organs. Organogenesis the male genital system.

FEMALE GENITAL
Female gonads. Genital tract: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina. External genital organs. Mammary gland. Organogenesis the female genital system.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Topography, macroscopic anatomy, microscopic and functional thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal, endocrine pancreas.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Organization and development of the central nervous system.

Spinal cord: external and internal configuration. Spinal nerve roots. Organization of the gray substance and of the white substance.
Brain Stem: bulb, pons, midbrain. External configuration and reports. Fourth ventricle, brainstem, quadrigeminal plate, mesencephalic aqueduct.
Cerebellum: external and internal configuration, structure and architecture cerebellar cortex.
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus. III ventricle.
Telencephalon: general conformation. Fissures, lobes, gyri, cortex, brain areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei and organization of the white substance. Main commissural systems of the telencephalon. Limbic system.
Encephalic and spinal meninges: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, canvas and choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid.
Vascularization of the neuraxis: vascularization of the spinal cord and brain. Internal carotid artery. Vertebrobasilar system. Circle of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Venous sinuses of dura mater. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic nervous system and related complexes. Brainstem and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Readings/Bibliography

Anastasi G. et al., Anatomia Umana (3vol), Edi Ermes

Netter F., Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Anatomia del Gray , (2 volumi), Edra

Young B. et al., Wheater Istologia ed Anatomia microscopica, Edra

Teaching methods

Lectures with extensive use of images, such as to facilitate the acquisition of fundamental anatomical basis through the stimulation of visual memory. The course is divided into a series of lectures which are accompanied by practical exercises.

The teachers will conduct workshops dissection of bodies on virtual anatomic table Anatomage and also in real cadaver lab in Anatomy Insitute of Bologna. 
The teachers will conduct workshops in the laboratory of microscopic anatomy on microscopic preparations.

Assessment methods

The final verification consists of an oral exam in which the student must demonstrate acquired knowledge of systematic and topographical anatomy of the various organs and neuroanatomy. It 'also provided the recognition of a microscopic slide through a microscope.

Gradation of the final grade in Anatomy

Sufficient knowledge of the topics covered in the course but reduced ability to express that sometimes emerges only with the help of the teacher: grade from 18 to 24;

Satisfactory knowledge of the topics covered in the course, good expression skills and good command of specific terminology: grade from 25 to 28;

Exhaustive knowledge of the topics covered in the course, excellent expression skills, full mastery of specific terminology and argumentation skills: grade from 29 to 30L.

Teaching tools

Lectures using computer presentations, laboratory dissection, models and computer programs

Office hours

See the website of Irene Faenza

See the website of Sara Salucci