37402 - Advanced Energy Systems and Cogeneration M

Academic Year 2021/2022

  • Moduli: Michele Bianchi (Modulo 1) Andrea De Pascale (Modulo 2) Andrea De Pascale (Modulo 3)
  • Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 1) Traditional lectures (Modulo 2) Traditional lectures (Modulo 3)
  • Campus: Bologna
  • Corso: Second cycle degree programme (LM) in Energy Engineering (cod. 0935)

Learning outcomes

Students deepen knowledge on the operation, performance and design of advanced energy systems and combined heat and power plants.

 

Course contents

Requirements/Prior knowledge

A prior knowledge and understanding of physics, thermodynamics and chemistry is required to attend with profit this course.

In addition, students should know how to use mathematical tools useful for analyzing and modeling fluid machines and energy systems.

Fluent spoken and written Italian is a necessary pre-requisite: all lectures and tutorials, and all study material will be in Italian.

Course contents – Module 1

Cogeneration: Combined heat and power

Thermodynamics of combined heat and power plants (CHP), performance, comparison with separate production.

Cogeneration framework, historical evolution and current situation.

Gas turbines in cogeneration applications: layout, thermodynamics aspects, performance and operation.

Steam turbines in cogeneration applications: back pressure steam turbine and condensing steam turbine layout, thermodynamics aspects, performance and operation.

Combined heat and power in cogeneration applications: layout, thermodynamics aspects, performance and operation.

Internal combustion engines in cogeneration applications: layout, thermodynamics aspects, performance and operation.

Cost of electricity of a CHP energy sistem

 

Gas turbine insights

The gas turbine market and the aero-derivate and the heavy duty models design.

Methods for turbine cooling: open loop and close loop systems and effects on performances.

Compressor and turbine off-design performance, turbine-compressor coupling conditions.

Load regulation for gas turbines: single shaft and multi shafts design, fixed and variable geometry.

Aeronautic employment of gas turbines and modifications for industrial applications.

Advanced gas turbine cycles

Regenerative gas turbine: layout, energy balances, performance, other systems comparison and commercial applications.

Gas turbine with inter-cooled compressor: layout, energy balances, performance, other systems comparison and commercial applications.

Gas turbine with reheat: layout, energy balances, performance, other systems comparison and commercial applications.

Wet cycles and retrofit options for gas turbines: interstage water injection, wet compression, STIG cycle, power augmentation technologies.

Course contents – Module 2

Numerical simulation of advanced energy systems

Introduction on methodologies for the thermodynamic modeling of advanced energy systems with the lumped parameters approach.

Main steps for setting up an energy system model by using dedicated computational tools.

Modeling of simple cycle gas turbines with and without blade cooling; parametric analysis of the system performance.

Modeling of complex gas turbine cycles: layout, inputs settings and simulations. The intercooler cycle: detection of the intermediate compression ratio that minimizes compression work and maximizes performance. Reheat cycle: detection of the intermediate expansion ratio maximizing turbine work and maximizing performance. Recuperated cycle: simulations to identify the maximum cycle performance.

Modeling of combined gas-steam cycle: layout, inputs settings and simulations of a combined cycle at a given power pressure level. Detection of the evaporation pressure that maximizes the system performance. T-Q diagram of the heat recovery boiler.

Modeling of advanced and CHP energy systems: CHP production with combined gas-steam cycles. evaporation pressure and bleeding pressure selection, in order to maximize the system performance. T-Q diagram of the heat recovery boiler. T-Q diagram of the cogenerative heat exchanger. Evaluation of the cogenerative performance of the system by means of the main CHP indicators.

Readings/Bibliography

"Gas Turbine Theory" H. Cohen, G.F.C. Rogers, H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, Longman scientific & technical

Teaching methods

The course consists of 6 credits (CFU) divided into two modules: the first one (3 CFU) taught by prof. Michele Bianchi and the second one (3 CFU) by prof. Andrea De Pascale.
The first module provides theoretical lessons in class, while the second is done in the lab, using a software dedicated to the simulation of advanced energy systems. Lectures in the lab are carried out by describing and projecting numerical models of complex energy systems. Students can use the same software in the lab and they are able to reproduce models of the energy systems described by the teacher.

 

As concerns the teaching methods of this course unit, all students must attend Module 1, 2 [https://www.unibo.it/en/services-and-opportunities/health-and-assistance/health-and-safety/online-course-on-health-and-safety-in-study-and-internship-areas] on Health and Safety online

Assessment methods

The examination at the end of the course aims to assess the achievement of learning objectives, verifying the knowledge that the students have acquired about design aspects, structural, functional and management of fluid machines and energy systems.

The final grade is defined by a single oral exam, testing the student's knowledge in all topics covered in the 3 CFU theoretical lessons and numerical laboratory; regarding the lab activity, student are requested to provide and discuss a report of the energy system models developed in the lab.

Teaching tools

Teaching materials: teaching material presented in class will be made available to the student in electronic format via internet (http://campus.unibo.it/ Username and password are reserved for students enrolled at the University of Bologna).

Office hours

See the website of Michele Bianchi

See the website of Andrea De Pascale

See the website of Andrea De Pascale

SDGs

Affordable and clean energy Industry, innovation and infrastructure Sustainable cities Climate Action

This teaching activity contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda.