39302 - Hygiene and Communicable Diseases

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student:
- Will know the mode of action of prevention 1st, 2nd, 3rd
- Know the main characteristics of air, water and soil, and the effects that changes in some parameters of them, cause on the environment and on human health
- Knows the systems adopted for the proper disposal of solid and liquid waste in the health structure and environment of life, aimed at preventing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental damage.
- Understand the methodologies used to ensure the suitability of confined environments aimed at the welfare and prevention of infections in health care and in the living
- Knows the mode of appearance of the infectious diseases in the population and is able to describe the trend
- Knows the measures and procedures to be implemented for the prevention of spread of infectious diseases: the notification, isolation and methods of disinfection and disinfestation, vaccination mandatory and voluntary.
- Understand the epidemiology, prevention of major infections: airborne trasmission to oral-fecal transmission, sexually or transcutaneous transmitted, transmission through vectors and zoonoses involving humans.
- Know and be able to handle cases of infestation that may occur in the healthcare environment and not.

Course contents

"The concept of prevention"
Definition and hygiene purposes, the concept of health. Scope of hygiene: prevention 1st, 2nd, 3rd, health education. The effectiveness of care, screening tests and evaluation of tests. Historical evolution of the health care system.

HEALTH PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Introduction "Gaia and the conditions for life"
AIR
Atmosphere Chemical composition, cycle of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, water, ozone, ozone effects Physical: temperature, humidity, wind speed, pressure, electricity, solar radiation and their effects on ' human organism. Air Pollution: gas and particles (dust) and not inhalable and effects on the organism, the greenhouse effect, smog, acid rain. Legislation. The confined spaces and microclimate. Impurities in confined spaces, the cube of air and the number of spare times, ventilation systems. The heat dissipation, thermal comfort and the effective temperature. Measuring instruments. Light: Natural and artificial lighting, quantity and quality of light, measuring light. Noise and sound, effects and measurement systems
WATER
Chemical properties of water. Water requirements and sources of supply, rainwater, telluric, surface, marine. Quality criteria for the assessment of drinking water: hydrogeological, organoleptic, physical, chemical, microbiological (water as a vehicle for the spread of infectious diseases). Water purification: Correction of the physical, organoleptic, chemical, biological (physical and chemical means) Sources of water pollution, the BOD5 COD. Removal of liquid waste: sewage static and dynamic. Final disposal of sewage sludge: natural and artificial wastewater treatment plants. Treatment of industrial sewage.
SOIL
Constitution of the soil and solid waste disposal, collection, removal, disposal, legislation. The medical waste

GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Microbial ecology, pathogenicity. Host-parasite relationships. Sources and reservoirs of infection. Transmission of infectious diseases mode of occurrence of infectious diseases in the population. Descriptive, analytical, experimental epidemiology. The population health: the state and movement (births, deaths, disease) of the population. Introduction to statistics applied to epidemiology: setting the research, survey and data collection (mean, mode, median). The measures of dispersion (the scraps, the variance, the standard deviation)

GENERAL Prophylaxis
Actions for the prevention of infectious diseases: notification, detection laboratory, epidemiological investigation, isolation and contumacy, disinfection and disinfestation. Active immune prophylaxis, constitution of vaccines, vaccination schedule. The passive immune prophylaxis. The prophylaxis and prevention of exotic diseases. Disinfection: definitions, natural agents, artificial, physical. The disinfectants inorganic and organic, liquid and gaseous. The disinfection: chlorine derivatives, phosphorus derivative, arsenic compounds, pyrethrins. The integral sanitation. The rodent control. The sterilization.

AIRBORN INFECTIONS
Influenza, measles, rubella, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, streptococcie (scarlet fever, rheumatic disease), diphtheria, pertussis, meningitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, leprosy

fecal-oral INFECTIONS
Cholera, typhoid, poliomilite, epatie A or infectious

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS OR TRANSCUTANEOUS
Hepatitis B or serum hepatitis D, hepatitis C, AIDS

ZOONOSES
Brucellosis, Rabies, tetanus, toxoplasmosis

Vector-borne diseases and infestations
Malaria, lice, ticks, scabies

Readings/Bibliography

Comes educational material enough to take the exam (Lecture and / or lecture slides) available for students enrolled in the course in AMS Campus - AlmaDL - University of Bologna.
Reference texts, but whose purchase is not necessary to:
N. Comodo G. Maciocco. Igiene e sanità pubblica. Manuale per le professioni sanitarie. Carocci 2011
S.Barbuti, G.M.Fara, G.Giammanco. Igiene e medicina preventiva (vol.2). Monduzzi editore 2008
C.Signorelli. Igiene epidemiologia e sanità pubblica. Soc. Ed. Universo 2011

Teaching methods

The course includes 3 credits corresponding to 36 hours of lectures that are held within three months, in the second semester of the second year. Lessons include the projection of slides and short films.

Assessment methods

The examination at the end of the course aims to assess the degree of achievement of the knowledge and skills obtained and whether it was done just prior reasoning intended to cater to situations of risk hygienic.
The examination consists of the administration of a written questionnaire that has only one correct answer among those offered.

Teaching tools

Video, PC, microphone

Office hours

See the website of Paolo Fusaroli